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Four Lessons in Shame

Summary/Abstract: This article examines four concepts of shame in European philosophy, namely the classical theories proposed by Plato and Aristoteles as well as two modern concepts of affect as described in phenomenology (Max Scheler) and semiotics (Yuri Lotman). These four thinkers highlight different aspects of the phenomenon in question, namely the metaphysical (Plato), the social (Aristoteles), the anthropological (Scheler) and the culture-forming (Lotman). By identifying these different aspects, the four thinkers relate shame to to different values, which in turn determines how shame is evaluated and what roles it plays.

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