Esantis Ir Su Bjekto Tapatybės Problema
The Being and the Problem of the Identity of the Subject

Summary/Abstract: In this paper, an attempt is made to take a new look at the classical problem of being. It is assumed that sinoptical ancient philosophizing, nevertheless, presumes its subject, therefore the objective of this philosophizing is associated with intentionality of the subject. Referring to Heraclitus’ aphorisms, the problematic character of human existence is identified, i.e. it is stated that the mode of this existence is incompatible with the logic nature of thinking that exploits the measure of the same. Having noted that the ancient subject lacks cogito – the descartian support of thinking – it is concluded that the premises of the identity of the subject must lie outside thereof. While the synoptical thinking does not separate thinking from imagination, it, therefore, associates the (logical) identity of an entity with (its) stability; thus a search of the identity of the subject acquires the way of ontologization, i.e. the subject is provoked to presume enduring entity – the being in its most exacting manner. It is demonstrated that the Parmenidian being could be treated as an autonomous theoretical construct which emerges in an attempt to theoretically assimilate Xenophanian God. Presuming that Parmenides and Plato contemplate the same being, it is argued here that both the classics refer to different founding values for the being. Plato’s The Republic is viewed as an attempt to solve the problem of the crisscrossed values by simply subjugating justice for the sake of the good. Upon revealing the dual value constitution of the being, it is concluded that the being entails two definitions. The article ends with contemplations about the ways of the social assurance of a human based upon the dual definition of the being.

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