Kalbos Ir Kalbėjimo Problema Struktūralistinėje Koncepcijoje (Ferdinand De Saussure) Ir Fenomenologinėje Filosofijoje (Maurice Merleau-Ponty)
The Issue of Language and Speech in the Concept of Structuralism (Ferdinand de Saussure) and Phenomenological Philosophy (Maurice Merleau-Ponty)

Summary/Abstract: The article focuses on the arguments of the relationship between language and speech in the research of De Saussure (structuralism) and Merleau-Ponty (phenomenological philosophy). It is necessary to admit that nowadays the language is perceived in terms of la langue as it is defined by Ferdinand de Saussure in the Course in General Linguistics. Language is treated as a close system of signs which functions as a social aspect of multiple speech. In the concept of Structuralism of De Saussure the individual act of speech which belongs to the one who speaks termed la parole always surpasses the limiting borders of scientific research as unreliable phenomenon due to its instability and termination spreading in the transience of diachronic time dimension. The analysis of the relationship between the phenomenological philosophy of Merleau-Ponty and the structural model allows to state that theoretical separation of la langue and la parole unreasonably eliminate the latter from the scope of research. According to Merleau-Ponty, objective language analyses relinquishes a very significant feature of intentional aspect of language. Thus, it is very important not only to emphasize the significance of live speech, which assures the relationship between a human and the world, but also to trace valid arguments for the substantiation of the analysis of the individual speech aspect, which was devalued by de Saussure. Moreover, in phenomenological philosophy of Merleau-Ponty Saussurian principle of diacricity is productively extended – it corresponds to philosopher’s phenomenological descriptions of sensory perception.

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