Kalifat i współczesna próba jego reaktywacji
Caliphate and the contemporary attempt at its reactivation

Summary/Abstract: After the death of Muhammad, the ummah had a problem how to select one universally accepted leader. For some time, they were elected by the majority of Muslims for their worthy conduct and friendship with the Prophet. These were the elected caliphs. Later, the caliphate became hereditary, hold first by the Umayyads, and then the Abbasids. The caliphate ended with the fall of Baghdad in 1258. There have been many fruitless efforts to reestablish caliphate. It was ffinally abolished in 1924. Today, some reanimate the idea of caliphate. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, declared caliph in 2014, head of the Islamic State (ISIS), is quite a puzzling person, one of the most dangerous global terrorist leaders. There are some questions concerning the criteria and validity of his election and legitimacy of other Muslim forms of authority.

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