ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗИМОВОГО КАЛЕНДАРНОГО ЦИКЛУ ПОКУТЯН В СТУДІЯХ ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ДОСЛІДНИКІВ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XIX – ПОЧАТКУ XX СТ.
WINTER HOLIDAYS CYCLE OF POKUTTIA IN THE STUDIES OF POLISH RESEARCHERS IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: Winter holidays cycle of Pokuttia in the studies of Polish researchers in the second half of XIX - early XX century. A winter calendar rite in the scientific heritage of the Polish researchers in the second half of XIX - early XX century O.Kolberg, K. Mrochko and L. Weigel is examined in the article. Customs and rites of Christmas and New Year cycle that existed in Pokuttya are showed in the article. L. Weigel wrote down an interesting ethnology information in his intelligence "Essay About Town of Kolomyia" (1877). His ethnographic data on the Christmas ritual is rather stingy. But his record reveals some local Christmas and New Year customs. In particular, it is using such objects of livestock as yoke, povisma and hay. He was one of the first in the scientific literature who drew attention to the ritual use of candle-trinity in Jordan in Pokuttya. K. Mrochko left us a valuable intelligence called “Snвatвnschвna. Comments to the edge of Ethnographв” about Christmas rituals in Snyatyn district. From his work we can learn interesting facts. For example, protecting and medical properties of hay that was on the table during the Christmas eve, divination on the future harvest, pokutyan`s faith in the protecting force of the flame from the candles-trinity. The most comprehensive work in the second half of the XIX century was O.Kolberg`s work in four volumes “Pokuttya”. The first volume of his work was added by the unknown information about Christmas and New Year customs. So we can learn about the youth fun in the villages during Advent. Records of the girls` divination before St. Andrew`s Day, about the rite of "the burning of the Didukh" are also interesting additions. We can also find valuable records of caroling, malankuvannya, and the custom of "bulls" (“bychky”), which had a local feature in Pokuttya. An important addition to intelligence are records of the texts of Christmas carols and shchedrivkas. When analyzing the studies of Polish researchers O. Kolberg, K.Mrochko, L. Weigel we may mark that winter ritual in Pokuttya had its own peculiarities in customs, beliefs and omens. A ritual table, the worship of ancestors, household and family magic, cheering rounds and congratulations (caroling, shchedruvannya, sowing) were the main pokutyan`s complexes of the Christmas and New Year cycle. But note that lots of Christmas rituals have analogies at other territories. Their prevalence and similarity point to their ancient origin and long preservation shows their important ideological and ritual significance for Ukrainians.

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