Wydatki bezpośrednie vs tax expenditures w realizacji zadań polityki fiskalnej
Direct Expenditures VS Tax Expenditures in Fiscal Policy

Summary/Abstract: In the implementation of fiscal policy, public authority used many kinds of fiscal instruments. Except direct expenditures in achieving the policy objectives, many countries use tax preferences, tax reliefs which are called tax expenditures. Those instruments seem to be very similar, so they are often considered to be substitutes. However, because of their specificity, TEs seem to be less transparent and often beyond social control. Therefore, in implementing the principle of transparency of fiscal policy, it seems necessary to compare current instruments with their current control.

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