Хуманитарна и васпитнообразовна улога женске подружине и њене занатске школе у Нишу од оснивања до почетка Другог светског рата
Humanitarian and Educational Role of Female Community of Niš and its Тrade School From its Establishing until the Beginning of Second World War

Summary/Abstract: Since the establishment of the Women's Trade school in NiŠ, in 1883, UNTIL April 1, 1941, when it stopped working due to the outbreak of the Second World War, during a period of fifty-eight years, the Female community of Niš actively took care of its survival, the organization of work, quality of teaching and extracurricular activities. Founded as a women's humanitarian organization, whose members are worried about the rights and education of women, the community immediately was involved in the very beginnings of the institutional secondary education of women in Serbia. As direct founders of the Women's Trade school, the members of community provided funds for the purchase of school buildings in Niš, during the war years of World War I, turned into a military hospital. In that period, and in the early postwar years, the work of the community was carried out for military purposes and needs of the population in Niš. The members dedicated themselves to work in hospitals, school sewing machines made available Šivaram military ministry. After taking over the school building from the military authorities, the efforts of the community were directed towards its repairs and the procurement of basic school inventory, and to the normalization of teaching. Following the adoption of the Law on Women's Trade Schools (1922), this school in Niš had become a semi-state, because the Ministry of Trade and Industry payment of salaries to qualified teachers, while the Management of community had to take care of the school material costs and salaries and rewards for freelancers classes. Caring for the financial survival of the school meant for the members of the community that a number of humanitarian actions aimed at collecting funds and at ensuring conditions for the education of women had to be taken. In addition to regular membership dues, they, for this purpose, organized numerous entertainment, shows, concerts, matinees and exhibitions. In addition to care abou thet school, the community collaborated with numerous charitable women's organizations and associations, and actively participated in numerous activities that were aimed at improving the lives of both the local population and marginalized groups, such as the action of opening a workshop for making rugs in penal institutions in Niš. The care of Women's Trade school meant that the Board of Community had to comply with all legal regulations and acts and to provide teaching staff who would provide students with the necessary general and professional education. Due to the lack of professional staff, during the thirties of the twentieth century many professional teachers taught general subjects, and some items, such as history and religion were not represented. Shedding the number of enrolled female students and the lack of permanent professional teachers and part-time workers at the school were constantly the problems of the community. Despite the problems, states managed to organize numerous actions, allocation of resources, so the classes were maintained regularly until the beginning of World War II. The humanitarian and educational role of the Women’s Trade in Niš in institutional education and upbringing of women and improvement of the quality of life of the whole community shows a great strength and enthusiasm the members of the administration of a voluntary association of women, founded in 1879, had and therefore, in many ways it represents the forerunner of modern informal women's associations and organizations.

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