A Kádár-korszak Magyarországa a nyugati demokratikus emigráció szemével
Hungary in the Kádár Era as Seen by Hungarian Emigrants in the West

Summary/Abstract: After WW2, young intellectuals who objected to the development of dictatorship left Hungary in several waves. Many of them joined the political associations in exile and published articles in various periodicals. This paper provides a chronological outline of assessments of Hungary in the Kádár Era. It attempts to present all shades of the democratic emigration, mainly based on the Irodalmi Újság (Literary Journal), published in Paris, and Új Látóhatár (New Horizon), published in Munich. Initially, opinions were mainly based on daily newspapers and the radio. In the 1960s, economic experts and later intellectuals not associated with politics paid visits to Hungary and gained direct experience (Artúr Kárász and János Lukács). The internal conflicts of the emigration and the ambivalence of the changes in Hungary were very well expressed by Zoltán Szabó and Imre Kovács. In the late 1980s, Gyula Borbándi shared his experiences of his visit in Budapest, while Tibor Méray published his analyses of the political situation in Hungary in the years before the political transition.

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