Litovelské listiny z let 1287 a 1291 v kontextu městské kolonizace v českých zemích
Litovel’s Charters of 1287 and 1291 in the Context of Town’s Colonization in the Bohemian Lands

Summary/Abstract: The town of Litovel is a good representative of the category of smaller royal towns of location origins dated back to the period of last members of the Přemyslid dynasty. The presented study deals with two charters which are connected with environment of medieval Litovel. The first one is the charter of 1287, in which the king confirms the magistrate of Litovel the property of his office, and the second document comes from 1291, where the king solves legal freedoms of Litovel’s burghers, possibilities to buy lords’ estates and grants the mile right to Litovel. Both charters are worth attention because they are legal documents that reflect some aspects of, at that time, few decades old town of Litovel. The analysis of individual statements and some used formulations shows that charters tell more than it appears at first glance. It is evident that the first document bears an impression of not only a foundation of the town but also a state before location and a reference to a market village which preceded the foundation of Litovel. Furthermore, it implies the relation between municipal patriciate of Litovel and Olomouc as well as evidence of German speaking elites of both towns. The second charter interestingly mirrors the relation of royal burghers and lords, or necessity to clearly deffine their legal freedoms. Selected formulations suggest where the sources of friction and potential of argument were. It is supplemented by the formulated mile right, which indicates what was crucial for the consolidating economy of the new town.

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