Źródła ciepła niskotemperaturowego dostępnego dla gruntowych pionowych wymienników ciepła. Uwarunkowania środowiskowe i techniczne
Low enthalpy heat sources available for vertical ground heat exchangers. Technical and environmental considerations

Summary/Abstract: Utilization of low enthalpy heat from the subsurface parts of the earth is one of the way of geothermal energy management. Heat pumps offer the possibility to obtain low enthalpy heat. Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) with vertical ground heat exchangers are beneficial because of the economical efficiency and small impact on the environment.Moreover they are one of the renewable energy sources. The article presents the most important environmental determinants: geothermal gradient, natural terrestrial heat flow, thermal conductivity of rocks and local hydrogeodynamic conditions. This paper also indicates the basic technical conditions for installation of ground source heat pumps and pays attention to the thermal properties of rocks. The status of GHP in Poland is lower compared to other European countries. One of the problems is insufficient recognition of the specific ground-water conditions for vertical ground heat exchangers which affects the economical efficiency of GHP installation

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