Podział władzy w Konstytucji RP z 1997 roku. Analiza formalna
Division of Powers in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. A Formal Analysis

Summary/Abstract: The author first builds the theoretical framework of the principle of division of powers, which consists of the following standards: A. Division between the legal spheres of state activity. B. Separation of the state apparatus into the corresponding organ groups (minimum two) according to the division of spheres, C. Relations between these organs are based on the principle of independence and equality. D. Individual groups of organs mutually check each other, and the use of these checks will result in both a relative balance and cooperation between them. E. Each group of organs is mostly engaged in its own legal sphere of activity and has a relatively limited ability to intervene in the activities of other groups. Then, the author compares these canons to the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. As a result, he concludes that it is not possible to strictly separate the legislative and executive sphere of activity of the state and the complete exclusiveness of operation of an organ in its sphere. Moreover, it is not possible to perfectly balance the mutual infl uence of individual organs. The above listed canons of the division of powers thus function in the parliamentary system mainly as an ideal theoretical construction. Nevertheless, at least the essential part of them is provided.

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