Технология как вызов времени (изучение, понятие и типы технологий)
Technology as a Time Challenge: Study, Concept and Types of Technology

Summary/Abstract: In the article divorce the concepts of engineering and technology. Designated four stages of technological development: the first phase — “pilot technique”, it is characterized by magical conceptualization, the second — engineering (rational conceptualization), third design, fourth technology. For technical equipment is characterized by four features: technology is the artifacts, the technique can be considered as a “social body” of a person or society, technology is a useful way to use the forces of nature, and finally, the mediation in the form of tools, machines, and material environment that allows you to implement the ideas of man. It is argued that the conceptualization of technology is the essential characteristic of the concept. If you write, for example, about the technology of the Neolithic age or era of construction of the Egyptian pyramids, then we are talking about retrospective interpretation, from the point of view of modern understanding of technology. It’s not useless, for example, to determine preconditions of formation technology, but in terms of thinking creates problems and contradictions. The author argues that technology develops in the second half of the eighteenth century as a new reality, which describes the industrial activities in language operations and their conditions of division of labor and management. At the same time, technology is being characterized by the installation of quality, savings, standardization, and rational description of the production processes, their optimization for the training of new technologists. Discusses three stages of development of the technology and features of the main types of technology: production technology, engineering, large techno-social projects, global technology. Considering the author and the conditions of the development of new technologies. These include “technological zone of proximal development”, as well as two situation — relevant issues and opening new opportunities. It technique and technology, according to the author, formed the substrate of industrial civilization and culture. In this regard, the electricity, cars, planes, rockets, the Internet or a mobile communication link and support in the world all the major social processes and communication. Technosphere — not just a standalone technical system, but the material basis of our society. The objective of management of the technosphere, philosophers of technology are actually aiming to control society. The article ends with reflections about the crisis of industrial civilization and ways of its overcoming. From the point of view of the author of metamorphoses of social life must entail the transformation of existing technologies; this will be a painful and difficult process, because you will need to change the cultural code (genome)

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