Някои наблюдения върху съдбата на бегълците от средновековна България
Observations on the fate of some fugitives from mediaeval Bulgaria

Summary/Abstract: The legal situations established during the Middle Ages do not define fugitives as a single category with a specific status. According to the imposed scheme they are rejected by their own country and are perceived as enemies, while the receiving country grants them protection under the so-called Asylum Law. Thus, the fugitives form themselves as a specific group that is simultaneously on the border of two societies – in and out of them. The current article sheds some light on the technical side of the escape – directions, routes, escorts, institutions and individuals who hinder or help the fugitives. The information in the available sources shows that in the most cases some of the Bulgarian rulers or contenders for the throne become fugitives. Unfortunately, the sources are not always detailed enough, thus making it difficult to trace the fate of those who has chosen to seek refuge. The majority of fugitives choose to settle down in Byzantium. Usually, the Empire’s integration policy has the necessary effect as the fugitives receive a number of privileges and become a part of the local aristocracy. Nevertheless there are some cases when the fugitives aspire to reject the Empire’s patronage as soon as possible in attempt to make contact with their homeland. As a conclusion we can say that, despite all the difficulties, threats and various other problems, the movement in the medieval society cannot be stopped. The fugitives are part of this movement – chaotic, sometimes not properly organized, with all the risks and collisions that accompany it and give it a new impetus.

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