Сенсорні технології в дизайні предметно-просторового середовища (на прикладі інтер’єрів громадського призначення)
Sensor technology in the design of object-spatial environment (interiors public purpose as the example)

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the basic principles of creating an interactive space, which is implemented through the interaction of humans and the environment by sensor technology. Compositional analysis was carried out the interior design for public use, and sensor technology presents in its solution. This analysis made it possible to identify the main technical innovations, which are the means of creating an interactive object-spatial environment. The study of modern technical innovations led to the definition of methods of their usage in interior design and contributed to the removal of the interactive environment approach, formed on the basis of introduction of touch technology. The interactive hardware, developing and acquiring new forms, increasingly embodied in design and facilities, is widely used in forming the interior public buildings. Research of interactive technologies and their implementation in interior design reveals the impact of scientific inventions for the organization object-spatial environment. In the last decade, the introduction of innovative technologies to create an interactive space is increasingly seen in the interior design of public buildings. It should be emphasized that in the existing literature on the organization of the object-spatial environment, fundamental analysis of the integration of interactive technologies in interior design is absent. In the field of art history the research of Polish scientist Richard Klyuschynsky is devoted to development, common characteristics of interactive art, and its specifics. The featured questions of interactive art issues were studied by German art historians and theorists in the field of multimedia art - Oliver Grau and Thomas Dreyer. Among the Russian scientists and researchers, the most fundamental and significant work is done by N.I. Dvorko. It should be noted that the evolution of technologies, that forms the basis of creation of an interactive objectspatial environment, actively developed since the mid-twentieth century. The emergence of cybernetics, the invention of computer technology and virtual reality led to the discovery of new means of artistic expression in art. The modern technologies and diverging solutions in conceptual design interiors in public institutions are causing a variety of artistic means and methods used to organize the subject-spatial environment. The use of interactive technologies in interior design, thanks to its properties, cannot be based only on traditional compositional techniques of space. However, it should be noted that without traditional methods of organization environment, a complete work of interior designer can occur. New quality objects created using interactive technologies provide a wide range of new artistic effects and bring a new aesthetic to the formation of the object-spatial environment. Using the composition of the interior and objective material properties of three-dimensional forms, the fullest and clearest expression of the concept and content of the work can be achieved. The properties are manifested in the form of its appearance and perceived by human senses. These interactive technologies, through the development of computer and digital systems, promote the fullest human interaction and space through the senses. The research of early stage of sensor technology in the first third of the twentieth century and the analysis of its transformation in the late XX - early XXI century, reveals the dynamics of its development, construction structural features, and possible applications in the design of object-spatial environment. The technical inventions 1920th – 30th of the twentieth century significantly affected the development of interactive technologies. Innovative experiments of John Augustus Larson (1921) and Leonard Keeler (1926) formed the basis of sensor technology. In 1921, J. Larson developed the first model of the machine "Polygraph", which was designed for forensic examination. The process of changes of devices in contact with the man was one of the main technical principles for creating an interactive object-spatial environment based on sensory systems. At the end of the twentieth century touch technology spread from a purely research to artistic and design tool. Among the modern design objects created using sensor technology, the most common are the interactive floor and interactive touch touchpads. The compositional analysis actualized conceptual solutions and allowed three following methods using interactive sensory systems: the inclusion in the overall compositional structure of space; the creation of the accents in the object-spatial environment; the creation of the compositional dominant (often in the form of functional equipment). The interaction between man and space through sensor technology can be carried out within the following approaches: the utilitarian, with a domination of sensory functional component of technical facilities in object-spatial environment (protecting surface, information stands) and the artistic, where sensor technology is a base to identify and implement space imagery content of the object-spatial environment. These approaches are implemented by the use of sensor technology in the interior design, which is one of the basic principles of forming interactive object-spatial environment. Conclusions are drawn that the discovery of devices based on the interaction of machine and human in 1920th – 30th of the twentieth century, became the basis for the formation of one of the fundamental principles of creation of interactive objects based on touch technology. A variety of sensory techniques and methods of their usage in the interior design provides an opportunity to implement innovative conceptual solutions where space is interactive, but human activities can affect the appearance of individual objects, and of the interior.

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