Шедевр в експозиції художнього музею
A masterpiece in the exhibition of art museum

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to analyze the conceptions and principles of placing of fine art with the status of masterpiece in the world art museum exhibitions. Masterpiece (from the French. Chef-d`oeuvre - letters.: "produced with General created") – a work of art, architecture, literature that stands out against the background of high levels of skill, its uniqueness or innovative nature for past achievements in the appropriate form art, and for a long time not losing the aforementioned qualities. In the original sense of the word – during the Middle Ages in Western Europe – a masterpiece of craftsmanship was evidence, which craftsman apprentice had to submit samples of their products to the shop in order to obtain a master's degree. New, modern sense of the word acquired at the end of the XVIII century., When the world began to form a large number of museums, which selected works of special artistic perfection. The works of modern, mostly avant-garde art, not fit with the traditional system of exposure that caused the search for new principles of public display in art galleries, exhibition halls, and, eventually, museum expositions. Specificity works of modernist art transformed them into individual exhibiting artifacts. In our view, today the problem of exhibiting works of art to the status of masterpieces should be viewed as a kind of problems to be solved within the concept «exhibit in focus». Updating problems exhibiting masterpieces falls to the brink of the nineteenth and twentieth century’s. When it was suggested the division of museum collections for scientific collection and demo collection. The material for this writing became a full-scale observation and reliance on photo and video stationary and exhibits European art museums: the Louvre and Orsay in Paris (France), the Uffizi Gallery and the Gallery of the Academy of fine Arts in Florence (Italy) Reyksmuzeumu in Amsterdam and Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem (Netherlands), Alte Pinakothek in Munich (Germany). Feature museum of life in the Netherlands is that in this country there is no museum of the universe, like the Louvre or the Hermitage, which would focus the vast majority of artistic treasures. Museums all over the country and the glory of many of them based on the national school of painting masterpieces that belong to a particular museum. Uffizi Gallery in Florence chronological principle combined with thematic exposition: general view movement begins with painting XIII, In the course of deployment "historical perspective exhibition" halls filled with the works of individual artists. In Russian museums, including Tretyakivskiy art gallery, in the early twentieth century. the first to introduce changes in exposure famous artist and restorer I. Grabar. In implementing historical and chronological exhibition, he tried to highlight the most important works of art through the manipulation of space and color. Grabar proposed to keep more distance between paintings, consider the aspect ratio of the pictures and their coloristic interrelation. The challenge to attract attention and to concentrate on its masterpiece in the exhibition is solved in another way, for example, drapery room or accommodations paintings. The museum practice for accentuation masterpiece commonly used manipulation of spatial placement of paintings or sculptures rarefied pieces around masterpiece, or even their elimination. Emphasis on techniques can be considered a masterpiece of the principle of graduation: smaller format paintings surroundings, which are located on the basis of increase. If the reception is the possibility of placing items on the principle of symmetry, where the "axis" with the status of work on display masterpiece. The auxiliary techniques serve coloristic decision exposure (similarity or contrast planes (walls, draperies) and exhibit). In the role of museums, where works of art, which recognizes the status of masterpiece, often favor their own masterpieces of architecture and religious buildings, the exhibition in which works of art has its own specifics. Coverage of the status of masterpiece, its acquisition criteria and range of objects that fall under this category require separate thorough study.

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