Соціокультурні аспекти архітектурних трансформацій житлового середовища
Sociо-cultural aspects of the architectural transformation in living environment

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to the modern directions of cultural and sociological researches in Architecture for designing the individual housing. The relevance of the topic determined the growing influence of social structure of the population to criteria forming of comfortable living environment and architectural transformation, and which the author examines depending on lifestyle social groups in Urbanism. Highly important questions of sociological research for forming social order while projecting objects of architecture and architectural environment in general are raised nowadays. Scientific novelty of the research is to show the appropriate influence of urbanism and social structure of population on forming architectural environment and elaboration of methodological base for projecting modern residential space. The significant impact of socio-cultural and functional factors in-process of architectural design taking into current approaches in Post-modern architecture are indicated. Analyzing methodology of sociological research in architecture, it is necessary to take into consideration interaction of three correlated disciplines: Architecture, Sociology and History of culture. Sociology and history of culture are characterized by organic unity. As founders of sociology stated, the unity of history and sociology is in concrete historical facts without those it is impossible to realize the process of the development of the objects of sociological research. For defining architectural tasks, it is necessary to use theoretical level of sociological research that gives the opportunity to examine wide spectrum of social-architectural problems and direct project search for its strategic solution. Results of sociological method implementation are realization of socio-cultural matter of architectural object. One of the most important components in sociological approach is social function. From the point of view of sociology, social function exists in the base of social interpretation process. In architecture, social function is basic for architectural object defining its social matter and definite conditions of existence. Main social functions influencing architecture are protective, limited, regulative, socio-communicative, aesthetic, educational-training, ideological, outlook. Social functions of architecture are correlated closely and cover all spectrums of person feelings and outlooks. Analysis of social functions favors realization of interaction between architecture and person (society) on different communicative levels. Definition of social functions during sociological analysis gives the opportunity to concretize the role of architectural object in definite society during definite period. Dynamic internal social changes were typical straightly to the architecture itself (form building of architectural objects). Changes in traditional forms of architectural objects are influenced by changes in social structure of population (due to the economic development of society). New forms of architectural objects depend on economic and political dynamics of society progress and its social status. This classification of social structure gives more possibilities for analysis of definite social demands (standards, needs) and their influences on any architectural object according to its functional destination. For providing social research of architecture, it is necessary to underline great influence of socio-cultural environment. The use of social certification in the study of the above-mentioned questions gives realization what society does the architectural object under analysis belong to. Next classification of society divides it to micro- and macrosociology: from small groups of people to society as a whole. Macro-sociological analysis includes problems of significant social changes. Image and form of architectural objects are changed under the influence of socio-cultural factors during definite period. For providing research of social influence on architecture with the help of micro-sociological analysis, we need to consider the influence of cultural and religious factors. Micro-sociological analysis studies the problem of individual, problems of social interaction inside small groups of people and separate individuals. Under the given analysis, in the history of architecture questions of interaction between architect, customer and participants in the constructing process and their influence on the result of architectural decision of the object are examined. While providing sociological research processes of macro-sociology and micro-sociology interact and flow from one to another. Sociological research in architecture gives the opportunity to consider questions about peculiarities of formation definite architectural object and its character in definite social environment. Provided analysis allows making the following conclusion: 1) sociology of architecture is objective necessity, important condition of projecting architectural environment in the process of socio-cultural dynamics and technological development of society; 2) the use of sociological research in architecture allows understanding architectural environment of past and modern time and define perspective directions of the development through the realization of principles of interaction of person consciousness and architectural environment. This gives the opportunity to use previous experience for designing new strategic approaches in the process of architectural projecting the environment that will be in conformity of new social standards of «the society of future»

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