Co to znaczy w ekonomii „sąd wartościujący” i „ekonomia wolna od sądów wartościujących”?
What Do “Value Judgement” and “Value Free Economics”

Summary/Abstract: In the article I try to reconstruct the standard meaning of the terms value judgements and value-free economics used in long lasting debates about positive or normative nature of economics. The analysis begins with quoting Milton Friedman’s view from his famous and influential essay On the Methodology of Positive Economics (1953), then it proceeds to Wilfred Beckerman’s Economics as Applied Ethics. Value Judgements in Welfare Economics (2011) as an example of a different interpretation of the meaning of the terms value judgements and value-free economics. The same ambiguity can be found in many statements of contemporary methodologists of economics. I see it as one of the main reasons for the prolonged disputes about whether certain parts of economics are positive, or normative, and whether economics is or is not value-loaded (value-impregnated). The paper documents the peculiarities of economics as a science, and particularly the relative inefficiency of scientific criticism in economics.

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