Podatki i opłaty pobierane od piwowarów krakowskich w XVI i pierwszej połowie XVII wieku. Reforma czopowego z czasów panowania Stefana Batorego i jej wpływ na piwowarstwo krakowskie
Taxes and fees levied on Cracow brewers in the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth century. The czopowe tax reform under King Stefan Batory and its impact on Cracow brewing

Summary/Abstract: The article focuses on the question of financial levies paid by brewers in Cracow to the royal and municipal treasuries in the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth century. Special attention is paid to the role played by the tax called czopowe, which – unlike obligations paid to the city – had no permanent character and differed in value. A reform of czopowe tax introduced in 1578 by King Stefan Batory is analysed together with its adverse impact both on the municipal treasury and brewers. Attention is paid to the fact that although a tax raise as such did not cause a crisis of brewing in Cracow, it played the part of catalyst and accelerated the crash of many breweries, related to a general decrease in production. The crisis of Cracow beermaking foreshadowed analogous phenomena observed in European brewing, and an economic crisis of the whole Commonwealth.

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