X VE XI. YÜZYILDA İSLAM FELSEFESİNDE YAPILAN ADÂLET TAKSİMLERİ: FĀRĀBĪ, EBŪ’L-HASAN EL-ĀMİRĪ, İBN MİSKEVEYH VE RĀĠIP EL-İSFEHĀNĪ ÖRNEĞİ
The Classification Of Justice İn Islamic Philosophy İn 10 And 11th Century: The Case Of Al-Fârâbî, Al-Âmîrî, Ibn Miskawayh And Raghıp Al-Isfehânî

Summary/Abstract: The justice has been one of the most cited concepts throughout human history. Although the justice has been examined with different meanings and appearances, no consensus has been reached on its definition. The distinctions made on justice make it easier to understand. It can be said that the first systematic classification of justice in philosophy started with Aristotle (d. 322 BC). Aristotle's classification of distributive and rectificatory justice has been adopted by subsequent philosophers. al-Fârâbî (d. 339/950), al-Âmîrî (d. 381/992) and Ibn Miskawayh (d. 421/1030) have adopted this classification of Aristotle. al-Fârâbî's natural justice, Raghıp al-Isfehânî's (the first quarter of the 11th century) absolute and qualified justice classification, and Ibn Miskawayh's natural, legal, optional and Divine justice are the original classification of these philosophers. These justice classification of Islamic philosophers who are mentioned have also been adopted by philosophers who have follow them. In addition, the similarites between Ibn Miskawayh's four justice classification and Western Medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas’s (d. 1274) four law distinctions were also noted in this article.

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