Az urbanizáció környezeti hatásai – Az ingázás ökológiai lábnyomának változása a budapesti várostérségben
Environmental Impacts of Urbanization – Changes of the Ecological Footprint of Commuting in the Urban Region of Budapest

Summary/Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to explore how daily commuting has contributed to the changes of ecological footprint in the Budapest urban region since 1990 by using census data of 1990, 2001 and 2011. First, the functional urban region of Budapest was delimited using the 15% threshold of daily commuting to work to Budapest in 2001. According to international methodology 185 surrounding municipalities and Budapest were defined as the urban region. Using data on the transport vehicle of commuting the volume of CO2 emissions was estimated at municipal level for the 185 municipalities. Finally, on the basis of emission values the ecological foot-print of the whole urban region was estimated. Our results show declining ecological footprint values throughout the 1990s, due to decreasing commuting rates, which is the result of economic restructuring, growing unemployment and less mobility of the labour force. However, as commuting increased due to economic upswing after 2000 the ecological footprint also grew, the use of motor vehicles (private car and bus) in commuting substantially and dynamically increased. In the re-viewed periodspatial structure of commuting significantly changed: rail-commuting shrunk into a few outstanding transport axes, whereas the use of passenger cars increased also in the less booming areas of the urban agglomeration.

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