Metoda mityczno-paradygmatyczna a symetrie (historii) literatury
Mythical-Paradigmatic Method and the Symmetries of (history of) literature

Summary/Abstract: The article presents the assumptions of the method, according to which the basic Kant’s categories of cognition, combined in myths lead to the absolutisation of one of them, and in (desacralized) paradigms – the modification of the other. In the (archaic) myth of Nature, absorbing time, the space-Plenitude realizes it as Chaos, in (contemporary) myth of (one) God, time-Form (infinity), rejecting space, turns it into the Void. In linear paradigm, the lineal time reduces space through its hierarchization; in circular paradigm, space based on the coincidentia oppositorum principle curves time. The application of mythic-paradigmatic tertium comparationis allows us to draw a seemingly complete (beyond the eras’ division lines) image of literature as an indication of the changeable perception of the world through the prism of concrete applications of constant (two-categorial) schemes. This image is constructed here, based on symmetrical transformations taking place between the myth of nature and the myth of God (or corresponding paradigms) and v.v., beginning with the reference to a sentence and complexes of sentences, to a literary work, in which the transformations of characters take place; then through blending different literary works thanks to (oppositional) desacralized myths within the framework of modernity, such as: Don Juan or Don Quixote; finally due to Homer, Hesiod, Virgil and Ovid’s writings, illustrating the symmetry of transitions between Greek and Roman realization of the antiquity. Furthermore, the boundary points are pointed out in the form of time and space creations, which become an expression of one- or many-sided human cognition, that does not disunite epochs, being in its essence the synthesis of opposite extremes.

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