Reformy cerkiewne w Rosji w połowie XVII wieku w świetle procesów artystycznych i kulturowych
Reforms in the Russian Orthodox Church in the Middle of the 17th century in the Background of Artistic and Culture Processes

Summary/Abstract: In the middle of the 17th century some important changes to Russian culture occurred, which are connected with reforms, in the Orthodox Church, carried by Patriarch Nikon. Other processes, related to the opening of Russian culture to the influences from the West, also contributed to this shift, yet they are not so widely known. From historical point of view, in the last stage of Russian medieval culture, the humanistic – intellectual and artistic – ideas played the invaluable role. They were pouring to Moscow from the West, especially via Kiev. Activities of thinkers and culture activists, who settled down in Moscow, made the first, so close and fruitful, meeting between Russia and the West. The reason for this was the Russian Elite’s fascination of the Western culture, which, therefore, triggered the deep cultural diffusion. Russian culture, being released from xenophobia and isolation, made her first attempts to creative relation between acquiring theoretical knowledge and the modern artistic practice. The reforms of the Orthodox Church and western influences’ penetration in the Russian culture, though stirring up much resistance in conservative Orthodox Church’s circles, eventually drove to significant cultural development of Russian printing, education and art.

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