Meandry etnicznych i narodowych identyfkacji
The Intricacies of Ethnic and National Identifcation

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this study is to draw attention to the intricacies of identifcation in the societies in which identifcation is increasingly becoming a matter of choice, not “heredity”. The subject of the discussion includes the complex identifcation occurring in multinational and multi-ethnic countries, different identities of their residents and citizens, immigrants, and particularly their descendants, including double or cosmopolitan identifcations, constructed and not “transferred” by the ancestors. What do declarations, treated as relating to the national (ethnic) identifcation, actually mean? Do they inform of the identifcation with the nation, homeland or the state? The relations between the different types of national and (or) ethnic identifcation can determine people’s attitudes towards the state of residence, the nation and the country of settlement and origin (the country of their ancestors). The knowledge of these relationships is especially important for interpreting the complex identifcations being declared, and for understanding the national conversion.

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