História vzniku a vývoja historických štruktúr tradične obhospodarovanej poľnohospodárskej krajiny
History of the Origin and Development of the Historical Structures of Traditional Agricultural Landscape

Summary/Abstract: Traditional agricultural landscape (TAL) is represented by the original agricultural landscape, which developed during centuries as a result of settlement, deforestation and colonization, and has not lost the shape of a cultural-historical countryside. The primary land cover of the Slovak republic was mostly forest. The lowlands of Slovakia were settled by Slavs in the 9th – 11th centuries and mountain areas were colonized in 2 main phases: (1) The German colonization (13th – 14th century) and (2) The Walachian colonization (16th – 18th century). The outstanding feature was a landscape characterized by a high biodiversity and cultural mosaic because of the heterogeneity of land forms and cover, relief segmentation, and a variety of farming products. This landscape have been partially preserved as remnants only in less accessible and less fertile localities, as a large part of the landscape was transformed by intervention and intensification of agriculture in the second half of the 20th century. Based on the results of the countryside TAL inventory, we distinguished four classes of structures that represent the remnants of TALs: (1) TAL with Dispersed Settlement; (2) TAL of the Vineyards’; (3) TAL with Arable- Land, Grasslands and Orchards and (4) TAL with Arable-Land and Grasslands. Our study focuses on the genesis of TAL classes and their development, which has been formed during centuries.

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