МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РУССКОГО ПРОТЕСТА ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX ВЕКА
THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN PROTEST OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIXth CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: The article is concerned with the worldview foundations of political protests in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. Two socialgroups of different social strata characteristic of Russia, the Decembrist noblemen and the rioting peasants, are considered. Thechoice is based on the fact that these two groups were united by a high level of protest moods. The analysis of the worldview foundationof the Russian protests revealed the presence of two fundamentally different protest moods inherent to Decembrist noblemenand rioting peasants. In one case, an active subject transformed surrounding political reality. This subject in his actions was guidedby a well-considered program of the New European type. The other group consisted of the politically passive group of people whoseviews were based on religious beliefs. They looked forward to the coming of the “new world”. These two systems of views werediametrically antipodal. One of these poles, based on the ideas of the Enlightenment, could be called rationally modern. The otherpole, based on the traditional ideas dating back to the Middle Ages, could be called irrational. However, these two types of protestmoods had a common worldview foundation. This foundation consisted of the views expressed through the concept of truth. Theworld view of both the Decembrist noblemen and peasants reveals their dependence on the idea of the coming of divine order on theEarth. The truth was the ideal that both defined the criterion for the existing social reality assessment and determined the ultimategoal of actions.

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