SAUSSURE’DEN BAKHTIN’E DİL-KÜLTÜR İLİŞKİSİ: “TÜMÜ KAPSAYICI OLGU”
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE FROM SAUSSURE TO BAKHTIN: “TOTAL SOCIAL FACT”

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the article was to introduce the approaches to the relations among language, human and culture, from Saussure to Bakhtin, to the readers within the context of the sophisticatedly sustained debates in the XX. century. In the article, it was sought to indicate that standpoints of numerous modern philosophers and scientists about language suit the conceptualization of “total social fact” of Anthropologist Mauss, and the leading theorist of individualistic approach to the language, Saussure, was reviewed from a critical viewpoint in this regard. In conclusion, it was claimed that theorists from different areas have tackled the language as a cultural phenomenon rather than an individual one. Within this framework, the original contributions of Bakhtin and Vygotsky to the debates were reevaluated.

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