Jazyky Blízkeho východu v minulých a prítomných súvislostiach
Middle Eastern languages in past and current contexts

Summary/Abstract: Linguistic background of the ancient Middle East was very colorful and peoples communicated in many different languages or dialects of Indo-European and Semitic origin, but also by other, whose origin is still unable to explain. In the context of the research of cultural-historical environment of the Middle East, we identify the great cultural languages that have been the cornerstone of major civilizations, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian, Aramaic, Persian, Arabic and others. In the Arab-Islamic caliphate there emerged a new society and culture in which Arabic adopted a role that Greek, Latin, Sanskrit and Chinese fulfilled in other cultures. Later, Persian and Turkish added to the language map of the Arab-Islamic culture. The predominance of European knowledge and technical advance affected (by violent or non-violent means) the languages of the Middle East, which gradually have been absorbing many lexical units to their lexical systems, especially from French and English. Modern Arabic, Persian and Turkish dominate in the current language environment of the Middle East.

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