Zmiany pozycji konkurencyjnej Polski, Bułgarii, Rumunii i Niemiec w latach 2000–2014 w eksporcie dóbr o różnej intensywności wykorzystania czynników produkcji
Changes in the Competitive Position of Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Germany over the Period 2000–2014 in Export of Goods with Different Production Factors’ Intensities

Summary/Abstract: In this paper we define the competitiveness of a nation as an ability to improve the technological level of production, which as a result, enables evolution of the export structure towards specialization in technologically advanced goods. For Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania, as catching-up economies, we recognize the ability to close the technological gap to the most developed country in the region: Germany, as a manifestation of the evolution of their competitiveness. The analysis covers a 15-year period (2000–2014), which we believe is sufficient to observe long-term developmental patterns. We present changes in the competitive position of the examined countries in the export of commodity groups with different production factors’ intensities and consequently the evolution of exports technological advancement. The analysis of empirical study results is preceded by an introduction to the contemporary concept of competitiveness and methodology of the study.

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