The Nineteenth-Century Ideas of Polish Roads to Independence
The Nineteenth-Century Ideas of Polish Roads to Independence

Summary/Abstract: When there fell a country that used to play a significant role in European policy since the memorable battle of Grunwald (1410) till the victorious battle of Vienna (1683), the state of affairs, as such, must have provoked reflection. The arguments and discussions must have been fierce and, I should add, despite years of research, some issues have not been clarified yet. Nevertheless, I do not lay claim to elaborate on all those problems, which have not been appropriately discussed by Polish historiographers – the length of the present text makes it impossible to do so. It is a fact, however, that we speak relatively little of those who went into exile to St. Petersburg after the partitions. Obviously, not all of them renounced their Polishness, thus taking care only of their private careers.

• Details
• Contents