Samoobrona indywidualna w perspektywie ogólnej teorii sztuk walki
Individual Self-Defense in the Perspective of General Theory of Martial Arts

Summary/Abstract: The theoretical perspective is taken here from the General Theory of Fighting Arts and a conception of the culture of security culture. The aim of this study is to describe and attempt to explain the substance and the manifestations of the self-defense phenomenon today in Western countries. Material and methods. Three complementary qualitative research methods were used: a long-term participant observation, content literature analysis, and the method of competent judges/expert courts. It was considered together broad thematic discourse of sources and studies. There was only one question to the experts of self-defense: What is a meaning of self-defense, its substance and manifestations in Western countries today? There were answers from 7 experts from Europe, holders of rank 8‒10 dan in goshinjutsu (art of self-defense), and other martial arts. Direct speeches were included, as well as analysis of sources (books, videos, organizational documents), and scientific studies were used. Results. The results are presented in four parts, corresponding to the areas of occurrence of experts’ general opinions, group fights, role of fencing, and discussion. It was shown the basic canon, concerning real combat and self-defense techniques and tactics used. Experts point to the need for specialist training. The effectiveness of self-defense requires: a fairly high versatility in the training of, selection of techniques really effective, appropriate teaching methods, and psychological knowledge. Only the ability to fight in various distances and positions, and selection of appropriate techniques can ensure victory in actual combat (real fight). Conclusions. Variously recognized is the meaning of self-defense and it manifests itself differently. The extreme commercialized version of this is only the product for sale. Sometimes it is also the main meaning of martial arts training. Abilities in fencing are useful, too.

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