Âyetlerde Gayb Bilgisinin Şihâblar ile Muhafazası Meselesi
The Issue of Preserving the Knowledge of Unseen with Shihābs in the Qur’ānic Verses Abstract

Summary/Abstract: In the Qur'ān, a mysterious event is mentioned in four different parts. According to the most mufassar (exegetes), the essence of this event in the Qur’ānic verses is the knowledge of revelation, which include divine orders about how the earthis transferred to the lower level, starting from the angels in the upper level. Ultimately, this information is delivered to the missionary angel who will execute the order. During this transfer, the devils secretly try to capture this information. The purpose of Satan is inform the priests to inform them in advance. However, shihābsstep in and prevent the devils to reach these information. Thus, the security of the information, which include divine orders, are provided and prevented the passageof unauthorized hand. This event in the Qur'ān requires a systematic analysis of the culltural structure of pre-Islamic Arab society, the perception of the incident of the interlocutory mass in the process of conquest, and the various comprehension efforts in parallel with the cultural changes that have taken place. The problem of preserving the knowledge of unseen with shihābswill be studied in various aspects by considiring the subject and taking into consideration the different approaches in the historical process.SummaryThe Qur’ānic verses are classified in two kinds such as mutashabih (ambiguous) end muhkam (unambigious) according to the meaning of the text. The verses that convey the meaning immediately without recourse to any further analyses, are called “muhkam”, and the verses that appear to be ambigious meaning in terms of signifying more than one possible meanings, are called “mutashabih”. One of the mutashabih which mentioned in the verses is prevention of the attempts of the demons which trying to steal unseen knowledge with shihābs. The attempts of the demons to listen to the unseen realm were included in different surahs. This subject fall into the verses of 40/al-Jinn 72/8-10, 54/al-Hijr 15/16-18, 56/al-Saffat 37/6-10 ve 77/al-Mulk 67/5 depends on their occasion of the revelation of the Qur’ān order. In these verses, the concepts of shihāb, mārid, rajim, duhūr, malaa’l-a’lā, haresen shedīden, man khataf al-khatf ve burūc come to the forefront and the various linguistic analyzes are made about them.Shihābs, which thrown to prevent the demons from listening to the sky did contention as a part of prophet Muhammad in risaleti and various ideas were put forward in this direction. In addition to those who acknowledged this event as a miracle of apostleship, and who acknowledged that they emerged together with apostleship, opinions were also put forwerd based on before apostleship by attributing various evidence. All these opinions are explained in detail.In the first period, the preservation of the sky with shihābs was understood as a physical fact and various inferences were made in this direction. It is possible to see this situation clearly in the riwayats which are based on prophet Muhammad. According to this, shihāb is nothing else from preserving preserving the sky by moving fireballs. In some comments, the star shift is explained as the shihāb.As in other matters, the tredition of the isharī tafsīr has been approached this event with a different perspective. These moving parts of fire, seen in the outer realm in the conservation of divine knowledge, are expressed in terms of concepts that will represent the struggle of the human commentators against the devil in the inner world of human. According to them, the shihābs are the fire of spiritual knowledge that burns the devils. In this way, human fend off kind of bad thoughts that surround himself in his spiritual world.The shihābs was regarded as the miracle oh prophethood, because it was being used as a guard mechanism to prevent the divine order coming to the Prophet Muhammad from falling into the hands of devil forces. According to this, it was claimed that the shihābs first appeared together with the apostleship. However, it was documented by some scholars were based apostleship because of the various examples of poetry belonging to the jahiliyya period. Whether it is the timing of the event or the views that base it before or after the apostleship, the point in which they all converge is that the movement of sky in the occasion of the revelation of the Qur’ān period has increased more markedly than the other periots. At the same time, the inability of bringing reports of devils who were the source of the knowledge of priests was accepted as a reason for the disappearance of the job soothsayer which was common in Arab society. Throwing of shihābs and as a result of this disappearence of priesthood were accepted as the miracle of the prophet Muhammad.In the tafsir tradition, shihābs were accepted as the stars thrown into the demons. However, it was observed that there was a different approach to this incident in the modern period. The prominent idea is that this incident which described in the verses is a matter of concern to unseen realm. Therefore, it was emphasized that things which they said about the subject could not go beyond the predictions. The idea of being accepted without any additions to the expressions of the verses came to the forefront.One of the ideas raised recently is the level of perception of unseen realm According to this, the verses do not mention any obstruction in the outer orgy. As a claim that, to speak of fireballs and moving stars is opposite to the universe order. This information subject to the verses is nothing but the thought of perception of revelation in Arab society. Therefore, the verses by using their concepts, reported that their knowledge was inaccurate and that there was no intervention for revelation.

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