Československé légie v Rusku – právne problémy
Czechoslovak Legions in Russia – Legal Problems

Summary/Abstract: An author examines the status of the Czechoslovak army corps (legions) in Russia during the years 1918–1920 from the perspective of the international law and also the constitutional law in the context of the Great Russian Revolution and the genesis of the Czechoslovak state. The Czechoslovak army corps in Russia were created in the October of 1917. It became an autonomous part of the French army. After the agreement with the Russian Soviet government the transfer of the Legions through the whole Russia to Vladivostok under the difficult conditions dictated by the Brest-Litovsk Peace started. It was the source of the conflict, after which the anti-bolshevik uprising and also the general military intervention of the Allies planned on the June, then September of 1918 commenced. By the international acts of France, Great Britain and USA the status of legionaries (from June till September) was changed. They became the army of the Czechoslovak state, which was in statu nascendi, and also had the status of Allied army, which was supposed to stay in Russia. Legions in 1919 guarded the Siberian Railway and supported the “Russian state” headed by Admiral A. V. Kolchak, “the highest ruler of Russia”. From February of 1920 after the decision of Allies and after the truce agreed with the Soviet government the evacuation of the Legions to their homeland, the new state of Czechoslovakia, to the creation of which the Legions significantly contributed, took place.

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