Inteligencja, jej memy oraz fizyka i mechanika
Intelligence – its memes, physics and mechanics

Summary/Abstract: A simple physical formula, F = T ∇ Sτ, stands out among a number of definitions of intelligence. Roughly translated, this means that intelligence is a thermodynamic force which maximizes the freedom of choice in the space of the real world. The formula raises criticism and further analysis shows that it depicts evolution rather than intelligence. Intelligence realized in the brains and the systems of artificial intelligence are based on information processing, virtual models and a correction of errors between predictions and material reality. In fact, such intelligence widens the space of freedom. The evolutionary mechanism by which biological intelligence has emerged is based on the positive reciprocal feedback between the increasing complexity of the nervous system and effective adaptation to the environment which is categorised as inclusive fitness. This principle seems to be limited by the law of energy allocation (trade-off principle). Evolution of intelligence is promoted by accumulation and free and easy exchange of information, which, in turn, is a result of social life typical for intelligent biological systems. In these systems intelligence is regarded as an integration of information, which is inevitably attributed to other psychical functions, such as long term memory, motivation, problem solving and consciousness. The crucial question is whether consciousness is necessary for the emergence of intelligence or not. Coexistence of biological and artificial intelligence may be described by two opposing models: the ecological principle of G. Gause, which states “one niche – one species” or an analogy of the theory of the endosymbiotic emergence of eukaryotes, proposed by L. Margulis. The extrapolated advancement of self-improving artificial intelligent systems confers practical significance to this question.

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