„Партија грађанског рата“: припреме кадрова Коминтерне за извођење партизанског рата и револуције
The Party of Civil War: Preparations of Comintern Members for the Partisan War and Revolution

Summary/Abstract: Comintern in the 20–30s of the 20th century was a strong and unique organization that controlled and financed the net of legal and especially illegal communist parties all over the world. For communist parties Comintern was not only a source of funding, but also logistical background, a place for recovery, restructuring and training of their staff. Preparing for armed insurrection and guerrilla warfare was a significant component in the training of party staff in the Soviet Union in 1920–1937. Instructions and courses differed from time to time and from party to party but they always had the immanent backbone – to consider the civil war and revolution as the basic way to install the communist régime. The lectures were based on the knowledge and methods collected during the Russian revolution and civil war and during unsuccessful rebellions in Germany, Estonia, Bulgaria, Hungary, China etc. There were different levels of military training according to the skill and capabilities of the students: partisan training courses in common Comintern faculties, Military-partisan Academy under K. Swierczewsky and for the most upgraded – partisan and saboteur or military schools of Red Army. All the segments of partisan education were controlled by soviet military intelligence. The key feature of Comintern’s „partisan training“ was exceptional brevity and conciseness of the program. It was achieved because: all the general and introductory information was eliminated, the students were carefully selected, there was used a system of active interchange of knowledge between students and lecturers („learning from the students“). The training activities of Comintern in the USSR were stopped in 193, and after the Civil war in Spain begun military trainings courses for foreign communist staff were transferred to the Iberian peninsular. The Civil war in Spain became a real practical exam for partisan forces and instructors of Comintern and all the communist parties in its net.

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