Razvoj evropske sigurnosti
Development of European Security

Summary/Abstract: European security, namely, cooperation of European countries, based on peaceful development of Europe, has deep and heterogeneous roots. Today it is impossible to discuss future possible solutions and concrete forms which new European development of relationships could assume, without directing one's attention to the basic conceptions and concrete institutionalized forms which ideas of European security assumed in the past. In the first part of the text the author briefly states some of the protagonists of the European idea, discovering in their works the origin of the interest for making firmer relations and considerable efforts which helped that those reflections sustain and continue their development. The second part of the text is dedicated to concrete attempts. Aimed at the solving of the European security in the period between two wars and the special accent is put on the attempts of institutionalization of security and strengthening of European cooperation. Then in Europe the antagonism was so greatly manifested and mostly directed against the first socialist country, that collective security could not be achieved despite all intensive attempts, nor were the league of nations and other mechanisms able to preserve peaceful development to the nations of Europe. The third part of the text analyses the activity of the allies of anti-Hitler’s coalition, starting with their first efforts (in the wartime) to find the solution for tire future world and European relationships. In this context the special attention is paid to German problem, namely, to lire various conceptions about the division of German territory. The division was not meant to be the symbol of the victory of the Allied forces, it was meant to help the realization of peace and security in Europe. In the last part of text the author states the results of the efforts on tire part of the Allied forces concerning die realization of institutionalized forms aimed at the realization of European security. There was a complex way of development of tire new relationships from the bilateral agreements about the alliance to the forming of the world organization, and it always depended on the general development of the international relationships. Consequently, tire strengthening of the cold war policy necessarily influenced the attempt to prevent forming of the unique system of European security and at the same time it influenced the attempt to provide peace in Europe based on general guarantees. General development of the international political relationships and downfall of the anti-Hitler's coalition alongside the stronger emphasizing of the interests of the big powers resulted in the fact that all the great ideas and conceptions about European security were given up in the period of the cold war and that both leading sides were interested in creation of their own systems of relationships which would at the same time provide the partial security of the European countries. Therefore, instead of tire unique system of the general and collective security two military, politically, ideologically and economically antagonistic systems appeared on the territory of Europe. In the course of few years those two systems completely split up capitalist and socialist countries of Europe, diminishing to a great extent the possibility of creating the integral system of new European security.

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