Podejście procesualne: warianty badań nad procesami w mikro- i makroskali
A processual approach: Variants of research on processes in a micro- and macro-scale

Summary/Abstract: Developmental psychologists differ in the way they define development, the kind of applied investigative procedures, the character of obtained images of phenomena (building the intermediate model of phenomenon vs. multi-paths model of a phenomenon transformation). The aim of the article is to present the author’s own processual approach, following from L. S. Vygotsky’s and K. Duncker’s variants of the microgenetic method. The processual approach is the author’s proposition, an example of the solutions offered in experimental-and-theoretical psychology (Fischer, Bidell, 2006). It consists in formulation of the theoretical-and-developmental as well as methodological basis of research and on deep empirical explorations. It allows to start research in the case of incomplete knowledge about a phenomenon (phenomenon’s aspect) and in the case of difficulties with the conceptualization of the research problem. The processual analysis is always conducted on two levels: (1) the level of individual cases as well as on (2) the level of group of individual cases, while on the consecutive stages of data processing, the analyzed cases maintain their initial qualities. A detailed analysis of individual cases leads to the reconstruction of the phenomenon’s courses in its variability and diversity. Uncovering what is common (relatively stable) in the courses of a phenomenon is the basis for the construction of one or multi-paths model of the phenomenon’s transformation. Depending on the specificity of the phenomenon, different research procedures are applied. Their presentation is illustrated with examples from already completed studies.

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