Интеллигенты в составе Коммунистической партии: фантазии и реальность (1917—1940)
Intellectuals in Communist Party Composition: Fantasy and Reality (1917—1940)

Summary/Abstract: In the article on the basis of a significant array of statistics characterized is the absolute (total number) and relative (compared to other social groups) number of intellectuals in the composition of the Bolshevik Party. It also provides an assessment of the absolute and relative numbers of communist intellectuals in different groups or socio-professional groups of intelligentsia Due to the fact that in popular literature, mass media, public opinion widespread myths about the «destruction of the intelligentsia», about «the emigration of the best part of the intelligentsia», «rejection of the Bolshevik regime by the predominant part of intelligentsia», the restoration of the real historical paintings is an important task. The article deals with complexity, contradictoriness situation with membership of intellectuals in the ruling party. The question of the membership of intellectuals within the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) — the all-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1917—1940 appears to be largely a key to understanding the nature of the relationship between the Communist Parties and intelligentsia to the stage «of building socialism in the USSR». Most of the intellectuals in pre-revolutionary Russia rejoiced over the overthrow of tsarism, but did not take the coming to power of the Bolshevik Party. In connection with significant differences in views on the goals, objectives and ways of building a new society, existing between the Bolshevik leadership and old intellectuals in the Communist Party existed prejudice against «bourgeois specialists». But already from the second half of the 20-es intelligentsia’s layer was rapidly growing in the Communist Party, and party-Komsomol layer among engineering, scientific and pedagogical workers, teachers, managers was significantly higher than among workers and farmers. The article used data from a variety of sources, provides extensive statistical data. It should be borne in mind that until the end of the 30-es the collection of statistical information was well delivered. Changes in the social structure of the country occurred quickly. The composition of intelligentsia has changed substantially within one generation. In emigration intelligentsia lived its life and was very heterogeneous. Part of the old intelligentsia proved to be in the so-called «internal emigration» and tried to never hit the «heavy hand of Government». But the majority of employees of mental work lived one life with tens of millions of workers and peasants, shared the destiny with the people. This is the part of intellectuals authors suppose to be intelligentsia № 1. Authors adhere to the position, which is that tendency to join the CPSU (b) in the ranks of the intelligentsia № 1 the most part of individuals in the years of Socialist construction was determined by their civil and patriotic position, ideological and moral motives. The party-Soviet leadership could use and long enough to successfully exploit the enthusiasm and creativity of intelligentsia that became Soviet and Socialist.

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