The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version
The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version

Summary/Abstract: The objective of this study was to adapt the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) for use in Turkey, and to test its reliability and validity. With a sample of 184 males (mean ± s: age 24.22 ± 3.01 years) and 153 females (mean ± s: age 21.54 ± 3.82 years) total 337 athletes (mean ± s: age 21.76 ± 4.2 years) drawn from 20 sport classifications, confirmatory factor analysis technique to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SMTQ. Athletes completed 14 item SMTQ was applied to all volunteered participants. Afterwards Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted by Analysis Moments of Structures 18. Comparative fit index, non-normed fit index and root mean square error of approximation were used to check if the model fit the data. Chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio was found as (χ2/df) 1.46. The other parameters were determined as RMSEA= .74, NNFI= .90, and CFI= .90. The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the three-factor structure and indicated proper models should include correlations among the three factors. Internal consistency estimates ranged from .69 to .78 and were consistent with values reported by previous studies. Based on these findings, “Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire” was found to be a valid and reliable instrument.

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