Minority Languages of Poland: Dynamics of Contacts and Changes after 1989
Minority Languages of Poland: Dynamics of Contacts and Changes after 1989

Summary/Abstract: As identified in general or contrastive studies on language maintenance and language shift, language shift and language maintenance constitute a cluster of phenomena concerning various aspects of language dynamics. With no doubts, broadly understood language contacts constitute yet another aspect of language dynamics. Universally, across language systems, language communities and their shared or mutual constellations, linguistic codes are in a constant process of change in general. Language contacts and language shift repetitively presuppose stressful socio-historical conditions in order to take place, sometimes—if not always— including also various stages of language conflict, although “language contact and conflict are seen as interdependently related elements applicable both to individuals and to language communities, yet these phenomena occur only between speakers of languages, not between languages per se.”

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