TEORIJSKA TUMAČENJA APSENTIZMA
THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS ABOUT ABSENTEEISM

Summary/Abstract: In this article author presents several theories about absenteeism. He classified them as psychological and sociological theories. Hill and Trist created first important theory about this organizational behavior. They contributed of absence as withdrawal from the stress of work situation. Withdrawal is their central explanatory concept. Gibson attempted to explain some of main features of absence behavior by means of an informal contract. The approach used by Vroom is based on an instrumental concept of absence behavior that seeks to account for absence in terms of its perceived result or outcome. Voluntary absence are viewed as outcome-dependent (instrumental), and may be contrasted with absence that are the result of influences and events predetermining their occurrence. Steers and Rhodes suggest that there are two major variables influencing absences: “the employee’s motivation to attend” and “the employee’s ability to attend”. The job situations “affecting one’s attendance motivation” is a collection of separate elements (job level, job stress, work group size) producing reactions in the form of absences. Costello maintains that absenteeism might be defined as one symptom of the individual total adjustment to the job situation. One’s adjustment to a job can be expressed along a continuum that ranges from creative productivity to discontining membership in the organization. Between these extremes is number of symptoms expressing varied degrees of adjustment: accident rate, number of personal grievances, rate of tardiness and rate of absenteeism. These behavioral expressions may be result not only of the individual’s adjustment to the job, but of the otrer factors as well. Chadwick—Jones, Brown and Nicholson assume the interdependency of members of work organizations and that under the employement contract some form of social exchange is taking place between employees. ......

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