Hol feküdt Qode? Néhány ókori keleti helynév azonosításáról
Where Did Qode Lie? On the Identification of Some Ancient Near Eastern Place-Names

Summary/Abstract: Qode (Qd( j/w), also vocalised as Qadi or Qedi), an Ancient Near Eastern region known from Egyptian sources is commonly identified with the Hittite territory of Kizzuwatna. In this paper I try to reconsider the evidence and the arguments regarding the identification of Qode. The traditional identification of Qode with Kizzuwatna or Cilicia is excluded by the historical, geographical and linguistic data provided by our sources. This statement is increasingly valid for the recent modifications of this theory, involving the identification with Tarḫuntašša or with every Luwian land in South Anatolia. We can identify Qode with a toponym attested in Ugaritic sources and once perhaps in the Hittite–Egyptian correspondence. Its precise localisation is still not possible, but North Syria, more precisely, the territory of Naharina / Mitanni seems certain. Finally, as a by-product of this investigation we could eliminate a Late Bronze Age ghost country (“Qawe”) and an alleged Egyptian reference to a Luwian sovereign and we could identify the Hieroglyphic Luwian toponym Kawa that was long held to be a hapax.

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