Právní a praktické problémy fungování židovských náboženských obcí 1890–1949
Legal and Practical Problems of the Functioning of Jewish Religious Communities in 1890–1949

Summary/Abstract: The study of legal status of minorities requires necessarily also the analysis of specific structures used by such communities, an example significant for Czech lands being Jewish Religious Communities. They provided the basis for the life of the Jews, probably the most specific minority in the Czech history. The paper deals with the development of the Jewish Religious Communities from their formation by Cisleithanian Act on Israeli communities from 1890 which was cancelled in the Czechoslovakia in 1949. The Jewish Religious Communities were influenced by crisis during the First World War, by efforts to modernize the law in Czechoslovak Republic, by Nazi persecution, and by communist regime. The practical problems as permanent economic crisis of most of the Jewish Religious Communities are too analysed. The above-mentioned crisis was caused in particular (beside the decrease of the number of Jews by migrations) by their inappropriate territorial structure within the public administration established by the Act from 1890. The paper focuses on the territory of Kolín – Kutná Hora, which is interesting because of the contrast between Kolín with one of the largest Jewish communities and Kutná Hora as large medieval city where the stay of the Jews was banned for centuries.

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