Cena niezależności. O eseistyce Juliana Kaliszewskiego
The Price of Independence. On the Essay Writing of Julian Kaliszewski

Summary/Abstract: Julian Kaliszewski is a figure nearly entirely forgotten – an eccentric and individual, who in the second part of the 19th century did not find a place for himself in any of the numerous periodicals. In conflict with the positivists, foreign to socialists, reluctant towards the Catholic orientation, he published small brochures of a modest circulation, which today are a real bibliographical rarity. The price of independence was in his case rejection, exclusion from the literary circle, despite the fact that he dealt in his work with the harsh, and at times provocative, criticism of Polish national flaws. While in the 19th century the term essay was rarely used, it can be assumed that Kaliszewski’s works are in a way the missing link in Polish essay writing.

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