Stereotyp Żyda w dowcipach z przełomu XIX / XX wieku
THE STEREOTYPE OF A JEW IN THE JOKES FROM THE TURN OF THE 19th CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: The following elements are emphasized in the stereotype of a Jew in the jokes from the turn of the 19th century, found in Silesian calendars: Jewish names (Jankiel, Icek, Moszek, Rotszyld, Meyer, Sara, Lejbus), the place from which Jews come (a Jew is a foreigner), their appearance (they are dirty), religion (they are renegades, the unfaithful), occupations (traders, matchmakers, usurers, non-farmers), behaviour (seemingly good-natured, carefree, cowardly and lazy, ready to take humiliation, cunning, miserly), characteristic way of speaking (they violate the rules of the Polish language). Stereotypical features are usually hidden in the deep structure of the text and it is the reader who extracts them. Collocations with the word 'Zyd' (Jew) are rare. The insignificant number of jokes about Jews and the humorous overtones of the existing ones are taken as indications of a positive attitude of Poles towards Jews in that period.

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