Каширская десятня 1556 г.: к вопросу о становлении «служилого города» в Русском государстве
The Kashira desyatnya of 1556 and the problem foundation of “sluzhily gorod” (the regional corporations of nobility)

Summary/Abstract: By the example the Kashira desyatnya of 1556 in this article raises the question about origin of desyatnyas, one of the important sources for the history of service Russian state. The analysis of location names in this source indicates that there were differences between court and provincial knights (deti boyarskie). The list of the first of them stands homogeneity and fully corresponds to the structure of the document. From the provincial knights allocates a number of different groups, each of which was connected with certain stan of Kashira district. Possible in the case of knights from Bezputskiy, Turov, Teshilov and Mstislavskiy stans, it was a postscript to the earlier established structure of Kashira corporation. The connect is founded between some atypical salary in this part of the document also with cadastre descriptions (reflect actual rather than nominal wages). This observation suggests the existence of separate units inside “sluzhily gorod” of Kashira, and demonstrates the emerging nature of the corporation. As a case study the author raises the question of the admissibility of the term “sluzhily gorod” to the first half — the Middle of the 16th century. The example of Kashira corporation calls that structure and personal membership of this regional corporation were formed by Moscow government in the middle of the 16th century only, combining into a single unit court and provincial knights from different stans with different traditions of service. Such a situation is not represented something special. Existence in the Russian state a number of separate corporations, including, inter-territorial nature as well as the separation of court and provincial knights, led to the fact that a lot of district groups of service Class resembled the original, heterogeneous in its composition, “layer cake”. Each of these groups served on a separate list, often mixed with each other. Perhaps this fact predetermined, no mention of desyatnyas a clerical environment until the Middle 16th century. The reforms of middle 16th century, including the creation of corps tysjachniki — elected (vibornie) nobles, demanded the creation of a fundamentally different system. United, universal structure of district corporations — “sluzhily gorod” would create a basis for ordering military service. The desyatnyas had a record of the such association. This new kind of clerical documentation in the absence of prior similar listings used at its creation cadastre descriptions. In the future, desyatnyas, in accordance with the established bureaucratic structure of each. corporation have developed their own form to record information, who survived without major changes until the Middle 17th century

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