PODMIENKY ZAMESTNANOSTI V POL'NOHOSPODÁRSTVE
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE

Summary/Abstract: The labor management position of occupation groups, the formation of occupation categories in agriculture has changed essentially in the second half of the 20th century as compared to the development in the first half of the 20th century. From among the population employed in agriculture ethnographic and ethnological researches focusing on the first half of 20th century, monitored primarily the group of farms. The current project of the research is interesting in agricultural workers which played also important role in the development of the rural culture. There were divided into several groups. According popular census, there existed in the group of labor force in agriculture in 1930 55% autonomous farmers, 17% deputists ( 90 900 permanent workers ) and 28% ( more the 140 000) workers who have no permanent contract (day-laborers, harvestmen). The other category seasonal workers were separately monitored. Spread of the non permanent workers reflected the social structure of rural population, which conditioned the endurance of wide market of tree labor force having race opportunities to find employment in industry an looking for wage labor opportunities in agriculture and other traditional non farming employments. The figures are being associated with a large share of large landed estates, which due to outdated technical equipment and mechanization, require massive numbers of hired labor force. Combination other or non-farmers occupations and incomes from own-land cultivation was universal phenomenon in Slovakia in the first half of 20th century. In the first half 20th century, the most significant territory where agricultural workers could find employment was in the south-western Slovakia Hired workforce in agriculture in the former districts of south-western and southern Slovakia made up to 50-75% of the total labor force. The employment indicator is presented in connection to the data on the highest concentration of large landed estates of over 50 hectares. Research is concentrated on the professional development of the individuals, influence on the family life, coexistence of different agricultural labor occupations and other occupations in the family, local and regional differentiation.

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