Element syntaktyczny w analizie semowej
THE ROLE OF SYNTAX IN COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS

Summary/Abstract: One of the fundamental tasks of classic versions of Componential Analysis has been a juxtaposition of semantic features isolated in the course of linguistic analysis. Since the features were presented in the form of differentiating matrices or sequences of features joined by connectives and derived from those matrices, the meaning of linguistic expressions was in effect analyzed with no recourse to syntax, in terms of a semantic language alone. This paper is devoted to the analysis of concrete nouns. Underlying this endeavour is U. Weinreich’s thesis that the general semantic form of a word is similar to that of a sentence. On this analysis the semantic graph splits into two parts. One part represents a semantic formula expressing a semantic classificatory relation between a lexeme analyzed and its hyperonym. Three such classificatory relations have been postulated: the ”kind- -of-what”, the ”part-of-what” and the ”set-of-what” relations. The other part of the graph constitutes a formula of semantic features assuming the form of argument-predicate defining expressions, with the semanto-syntactic interdependencies between the predicate and the arguments being stated on the basis of the modified list of semantic valences. Apart from the classificatory relations and the argument–predicate defining expressions the semantic formula also includes connectives of conjunction and inclusive disjunction.

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