Dvě funkce testu proporcionality při přezkumu socio-ekonomických práv a pozitivních závazků
The Dual Function of Proportionality Analysis in Socio-economic Rights and Positive Obligations Adjudication

Summary/Abstract: This paper opposes S. Gardbaum’s argument, that positive obligations and socio-economic rights represent a limit to the use of proportionality, because even courts most committed to it are reluctant to use it in these cases. The main author’s claim is that a different structure of courts‘ argumentation results from a fact that positive obligations and socio-economic rights are not explicitly established in respective bills of rights. Thus, they must be derived from the legal text, which requires a different argumentative structure compared to the analysis under negative obligations.

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