Nass ile Tayin Fikrine Mu‘tezilî Bir Eleştiri: Ebû Tâhir Rüknüddin et-Tureysisî Örneği
A Mu‘tazilite Critique of “Ta‘yēen by Naṣṣ”: The Case of Rukn al-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir al- Ṭuraythīthī

Summary/Abstract: This study is an attempt to examine the critiques of Mu‘tazilites in general and Rukn al-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir al- Ṭuraythīthī in particular, of “ta’yēen by naṣṣ” (appointment by text or direct proclamation) which has long been discussed within the intellectual history of Islam. The concept of ta’yēen by nass is a case which has been attempted to be grounded on the basis of Qur’ān and Ḥadith. Although it is thought to be peculiar to the Shiite circles, it has also been expressed in some Sunni schools as well. Despite the fact that it is generally discussed in regard to the imamate of the fourth Caliph ‘Ali, some also argued that ta‘yēen by ṇass was to be the case for the imamate of Abū Bakr. Concerning this theory, Mu‘tazila levelled a great number of essential critiques at the Shiites’ understanding of matter. Since it has been discussed in direct relation to the textual evidences from the Qur’ān, a re-examination of the subject in the Qur’anic context is required. In this regard, the methodological approach of Mu‘tazilite scholar al-Ṭuraythīthī is an important component to take into consideration. Ṭāhir al- Ṭuraythīthī criticizes the sects for their understandings of the notion of ta‘yēen by naṣṣ, in his prominent book “Mutashābih al-Qur’ān” in which he tries to understand the subject at stake within the boundaries of language and reason. Moreover, he evaluates the assertions of both Imāmiyya and Bakriyya and criticizes both sides relying on the contextual basis of Qur’ānic verses.

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