Rzeźba palimpsestowa w krajobrazie polodowcowym na przykładzie wzgórza morenowego Izbicy Kujawskiej
The palimpsest glacial landscape on the example of the Izbica Kujawska moraine ridge

Summary/Abstract: The Izbica Kujawska moraine ridge located within the Płock ice-lobe extent (Fig. 1A) has been shown as a case of palimpsest glacial relief (cf. Kleman 1992), partly retaining older glacial forms having come to being in the former ice sheet advance. Complex sedimentological research and mezostructural analysis of glaciotectonic deformations along with luminescence age indices of deposits have been carried out in several-odd exposures – Augustynowo, Izbica Kujawska, Zagrodnica 1, 2, Bratkowo, Józefowo 1, 2, Podtymień 1, 2, Sokołowo 1, 2, Pustynia 1, 2 (Figs 1B, 2). Detailed geological charting and analysis of topography and palaeorelief in the area have been also applied (Roman 2010). It appears that the Izbica Kujawska ridge is a polygenic glacial form. Its central, culminating part came to being, in principle, from glaciotectonic distortion of the IzI complex deposits and so from a subhorizontal compression from NW to SE i.e. transversally in relation to the ice sheet pressure in the younger glaciogenic complex (cf. Figs 3, 4 and 5). Stacked-up deposits make today a king-pin in that part of the ridge (Fig. 2), the wings of the form however are made of the younger glaciogenic complex (IzII). The deposits sequence IzII reflects transgression (unit IzII1), stand-still (IzII2), advance (glaciotectonic structures and lower part of the IzII3 unit) and henceforth the ice sheet decay (IzII3, IzII4). The king-pin of a stacked-up structure is older and thus formed afore the Vistulian Glaciation ice sheet advance. In the light of the collected facts interpreting the Izbica Kujawska ridge as a push-moraine of Vistulian ice sheet recession (Galon 1961, Galon, Roszkówna 1961, 1967, Roszko 1968, Niewiarowski 1983, Pasierbski 1984) is false. The structure and geological complexity of the ridge has been proved as coming from the multistage accumulative and deformative glacial processes in various glaciation periods. Earlier suggestions have been proved (Mańkowska 1981, Ciuk, Mańkowska 1981, Molewski 2007, Roman 2007) that the ridge contains retaining elements, from before the Vistulian Glaciation. The form discussed is foremost bound with the transgression and dynamics of the youngest (Vistulian) ice sheet with halted curtly on transverse terrain obstacles, distorted them and included in newly formed marginal zones (Roman 2010, 2012a,b). The glaciomarginal ridge discussed is a classical palimpsest relief example (cf. Kleman 1992). Such relief seems more popular as has hitherto been assumed. Recognition of older relief elements in positive glacial forms, particularly in marginal zones, is significant for palaeogeographic reconstruction and specially the ice front dynamics, its thickness, the base thermics and the local vector changes of the ice (cf. Kleman 1992, Kleman, Borgst röm 1994, Roman 2010).

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